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Genetic illness
Sickness, physical disability, or other disorder resulting from the inheritance of one or more deleterious alleles.
Phenotype
The physical characteristics of an organism or the presence of a disease that may or may not be genetic.
Codominance
Situation in which two different alleles for a genetic trait are both expressed.
Cancer
Diseases in which abnormal cells divide and grow unchecked.
Autosome
A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
Centromere
A specialized chromosome region to which spindle fibers attach during cell division.
Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)
A vector used to clone DNA fragments (100- to 300-kb insert size; average, 150 kb) in Escherichia coli cells.
Junk DNA
Stretches of DNA that do not code for genes; most of the genome consists of so-called junk DNA which may have regulatory and other functions.
Embryonic stem (ES) cells
An embryonic cell that can replicate indefinitely, transform into other types of cells, and serve as a continuous source of new cells.
Haploid
A single set of chromosomes (half the full set of genetic material) present in the egg and sperm cells of animals and in the egg and pollen cells of plants
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